Modern Gadgets Have Made Us Slaves

hap Mitigation of Debris Flows, Slope Failures and Landslides 727 Development of Earthquake- and Landslide-Proof Public Buildings and their shimmy into Shelters in Case of Emergency Emmerich Simoncsics Institute for Architecture and construct, capital of Austria University of engineering science, Karlsplatz 13, 1040 Vienna, Austria (emailprotected ac. at) generalisation Due to the occurrences of the Niigata-Chuetsu seism 2004, rifle October the Vienna University of Technology already delivered proposals concerning the reconstructive memory and upcoming disaster mitigation for the protection of the people in the Niigata prefecture.Humane try-on for the victims should be provided in public edifices, which atomic number 18 earthquake- and landslide-resistant, as well. Last family a selection of earthquake and landslide resistant public buildings induce been designed in interdisciplinary cooperation between students of architecture and experts for geomorphologic engineers, tr affic with fuddles of tourist facilities, schools, sports and health internalitys, buildings for research, congress and administration centers with battle array argonas.The buildings capture a regular function in normal cocktail dress, but separately of them dismiss be converted at bottom 6 (six) hours into a render for 2,000 victims in case of indispens able-bodiedness, providing kind-heartede accommodation and board for several months. co-ordinated are emergency hospitals, storages, water reservoir and verve supply. So-called familystands (3 ? 3m), which lavatory be easily assembled, skunk accommodate six persons severally (in ternary levels, like in a train for overnight trip). The experiences source that emergency accommodations should be made realizable in all kinds of public buildings in hazard-prone countries like Japan.Regarding the Reconstruction Activities, according to the future demands, the economical cultivation of the Niigata prefecture shall be enhanced by the above suggestd buildings. This year, in that locationfore, cover versioning the topic of Strategy for misfortune Mitigation, additional public facilities with various functions leave behind be real and concerning the theme of Risk Management the organisation of immediate medical assistance (emergency hospitals) and the procedure of quick ccommodation (transformation of the buildings and transportation of victims) will be treated. It is intended to show the research results in the framework of a poster exhibition. Keywords Niigata, earthquake, landslide, reconstruction, disaster mitigation, creative activity The engineer has the task to do research in the ? eld of instinctive sciences and to ? nd the truth ab out(a) the violating forces of Nature. He has to expose the danger for human beings and call the societys attention to the risks.Moreover, the engineer (including the architect) is supposed to propose practice oriented solutions in order to reduce the h azards and the politicians together with the engineers are responsible to realize the relevant countermeasures in order to protect the community from catastrophes. However, close cooperation with the public is requirement, as well. The truth is that no engineer can stop earthquake and they will occur to a fault in the future. at that placefore, obligatory preparations have to be done. Expectancy of sustenance may increase in the future. After forty geezerhood it might be even 90 historic period.The last repeat of an earthquake in Niigata was after 40 years (19642004). It is not impossible, that an earthquake may happen after 40 years again. Considering the tone expectancy, people of even 50 years old today, victuals in Niigata, may once more experience an earthquake. Based on this awareness, middle-aged and younger engineers and politicians are responsible for the protection of human life and property. In the framework of this symposium we exchange our experiences and thou ghts about possible improvements of the depict situation.How does future look like? Future is a very important fancy in this union. We cannot create improvements for the future with our present attitude toward our present situation. With our present attitude no change into a more safe life in future can be obtaind. We cannot in? uence the laws of Nature violating forces will always threaten our commonwealth. In order to protect our lives against hazards, we have to detect the truth and change our mind accordingly. In order to be able to work e? iently and in a practice-oriented way, in 2002 (after a laborious disaster in Austria ca expenditured by ? ood) the VUT (Vienna University of Technology) Cooperation touch for pp. 727732 c 2006 by world-wide Academy Press, Inc. / Tokyo, Japan 728 Disaster Mitigation and protective cover in Buildings was founded. It is a platform and network to foster meetings of several institutes, in order to exchange and coordinate their research a ctivities and form groups to continue their research topics in interdisciplinary cooperation.The intimately important events are the yearly arranged public exhibitions, in which the research results are presented. Basically it consists of two sections the Section for Fundamental interrogation and the Section for Objectoriented Research. Whereas the Section of Fundamental Research elaborates the basic theories by means of the data and facts about natural hazards (case studies), the Section for Object-oriented Research aims at the practical application of this knowledge to buildings, in order to mitigate or even prevent structural indemnity and the loss of human life.The proposals are developed by means of Research Driven Education Programs, involving kindle and talented students in the design procedure of buildings for concretely de? ned hazard-prone areas, under the ceaseless surveillance of consulting engineers and experts. The Vienna University of Technology has been conduct ing research activities on the topic of Disaster Mitigation already since the year 2000 in cooperation with the University of Tokyo and other link institutes and universities.The method of interdisciplinary cooperation became the basis for the research principles of the above described VUT (Vienna University of Technology) Cooperation Center for Disaster Mitigation and Security in Buildings. As most of the damages ca engaged by natural hazards concern buildings and consequently the people within them, the of import focus is placed on the development of hazard-proof construction techniques for public and residential buildings, as well. Method The subject of investigation is ? exibility in public buildings. There are di? erent types of buildings with di? erent functions. There are buildings with several functions (e. . o? ce building mixed with hotel and exhibition hall) and others with one main function (school, exhibition hall, theater, sports facilities, congress center, museum, library, cultural center, hotel, hospital, health center, etc. ). These buildings are very di? erent in their operation, as well. A comparative method helps to suss out the degree of ?exibility in each type of building, which shows the e? ciency of these buildings as a shelter for the accommodation of victims in case of emergency. The ? rst target is to develop some public building types and investigate the possibilities of ? exibility.Within a building there are spaces, which 1) fully can be evacuated to give place for another function (e. g. seminary board, exhibition hall, gym, stadium, etc. ) provided there are su? cient storages available, 2) can be rearranged, e. g. a) hotel rooms, by additional bunk beds in order to increase the capacity of accommodation or b) a bedspread hall, in order to enlarge the capacity of a restaurant excessively for victims, or c) a foyer / lobby to provide space for organization and discussions between the victims and the crisis managers or d) a wellness center / swimming pool, to use them for sanitary purposes, etc.Function of crisis management 1) Public buildings usually lack some specific facilities for the case of emergency (e. g. ?rst aid, smaller scale medical center or clinic, su? cient storage area for food, drinking water, clothes and family stands, water reservoir also for cleaning, sanitary and catering facilities, power supply, etc. ) These facilities are supposed to be planned in addition, in order to achieve a tender-hearted environment for the victims. 2) In those buildings, which serve as a shelter, transportation of persons (victims) and necessary objects (blankets, food, etc. temporarily increases. Heliports near to these buildings are required because the annoy roads might be destroyed after a disaster. Family stands 1) are equipments, which in normal case are mainly used in exhibition buildings / halls or international fairs. However, nowadays, many other public buildings (schools, universities, m useums, o? ce buildings, hotels, department stores, etc. ) also o? er exhibition areas and use stands to display the relevant exhibits. 729 2) By means of a very truthful additional device these stands can be equipped with attachable beds (max. ix in each family stand of 3 ? 3 m). The goal of these stands is to achieve privacy for each family and to increase the capacity of a ? oor for accommodation purposes. In order to reach an economical arrangement of the family stands, the newly designed buildings have to take the size and layout of the family stands into consideration. Projects, Examples Some architectural projects carried out in the last years shall demonstrate the methods and aims of our interdisciplinary research cooperation. Sports hotel and Bull? ght Arena, Design R.Malinov This project considers a local attraction the bull? ght for the design of a hotel building in combination with sports- and training-facilities. Additionally, the structure provides a medical center and can be transformed into a shelter for up to 2000 victims within 6 hours. Theatre in landslide-prone Area in Niigata, Design I. Mach This project takes the risks of a landslide-prone area into consideration. The structure is ? xed in the ? rm ground by anchor-foundations and the access way protected by a wall. High-rise building in Tokyo, Design A.Gr? nanger u In cooperation with Dr. M. Hochrainer (Assistant, Institute for Structural design and Technology) the application of a so called Tuned perspicuous Column Damper was time-tested on a high-rise building. By means of an experiment on the shaking table the functionality of the proposed construction was proved. The facility is very economical and can be installed even on the top of existing buildings. Tuned liquid tugboat dampers (TLCDs) are passive energy absorbing substructures to control vibrations of buildings when e. g. exposed to earthquake or wind loads.They can be used to prevent structural Fig. 1. Earthquake-proof S ports Hotel and Bull? ght Arena, model and section Fig. 2. Sports Hotel and Bull? ght Arena ? oor plans equipment with family stands in case of emergency 730 Fig. 3. Landslide-proof Theatre and Exhibition Hall for Niigata Fig. 4. Increase of the capacity of hotel rooms in case of emergency by bunk beds and family stands Fig. 5. Earthquake-proof high rise building model+shaking-table-experiment with tuned liquid column damper 731 Fig. 6. Detail TLCD Tuned Liquid Column Damper lements from damage (earthquake load) or increase human quilt due to reduced ? oor accelerations (strong wind load). The actual implementation of a TLCD is uncomplicated, since it solo consists of a rigid piping system, partially ?lled with water, allowing the water column to bm inside the piping system. A movement of the TLCD housing induces a cause of the water column, and vibrational energy is transferred to the TLCD in a desired way. The energy dissipation of a TLCD is caused by viscous and turbulent ? uid damping, which can be regulated by the insertion of hydraulic resistances (ori? e plates) to obtain a required damping characteristics. In addition to the plane TLCD already established in literature, an entirely new arrangement, called the torsional TLCD (TTLCD) has been proposed. Plane TLCDs are very promising in mitigating ? exural vibrations whereas TTLCDs are used to reduce torsional or coupled ? exural torsional vibrations. Although the construction of a tuned liquid column damper is quite di? erent from the well known tuned throng damper (TMD), a TMD-TLCD analogy has been found, which allows to use design guidelines of the extensively researched TMD.The established TLCD is a purely passive energy absorbing device, and its application reduces the peach state dynamic response of vibrating structures substantially. However, especially during the strong motion anatomy of earthquakes several response peaks remain, which can be eliminated by the application of an actively c ontrolled air-spring setup integrated into the TLCD. This elongated hybrid TLCD concept combined with an energy saving control design preserves the salient features of TLCDs cheap and well-situated implementation into civil engineering structures, little maintenance costs and a performance comparable to TMD.Considerable vibration reduction has been shown in extended numeral simulations for both, wind and ground excitation. Existing buildings 1) In 2004 around 100. 000 people essential temporary accommodation. As newly built buildings will not cover the required space completely, it will be necessary to investigate the possibilities in existing buildings (gyms, exhibition areas, sports stadiums, etc. ) as well, whether appropriate areas can be converted into a shelter in case of emergency. 2) In this connection the students help is absolutely necessary.In the framework of the general education program, students could carry out analyses on the above theme, asking for the cooperatio n of the managers of some existing buildings. Future development 1) A part of the public buildings may serve in the most attractive mountainous areas of the Niigata Prefecture to enhance the interest of tourists and last but not least of the young generation to ? nd a job in the ? eld of tourism and resort facilities. This could become also a countermeasure against the age society in the mountainous areas.Also for this purpose the investigation of the geological prize of possible sites is necessary. 2) In this connection the feasibility of this idea has to be investigated. However, simultaneously a realistic project has to be developed and announced among the population (questionnaire). 732 Conclusions 1) According to the experiences of the Chuetsu Earthquake the shelter of the lost property (including private houses) should be compared with the possible sum of future investments. The horrible amount of the lost value should make us conscious that investments are worth making so oner a disaster ccurs again. 2) In the framework of this symposium we exchange our experiences and thoughts about possible improvements. Therefore, I suggest ? nishing this symposium with a RESOLUTION on immediate measures to be proposed to the government. 3) In order to achieve an e? cient international cooperation, based on the experiences of the VUT (Vienna University of Technology) Cooperation Center for Disaster Mitigation and Security in Buildings the principles should be extended also in other universities.It is not enough to meet all 4th year, the research and realization activities must be done uninterruptedly.References Catalogues of the exhibitions 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Vienna University of Technology (2001), Disaster Mitigation Catalogue Exhibition 2001 Vienna University of Technology (2002), Architecture and Disaster Vienna University of Technology (2003), Innovations for Disaster Mitigation and Security in Buildings Vienna University of Technology (2004), Dis aster Prevention and Security in Buildings Vienna University of Technology (2005), The Niigata Project