The Effect Of Rehabilitation On Children - 805 Words

Megan Taylor Barnett English II 4 March 2016 The Effect of Rehabilitation Many people go to prison for many different things. Their offenses could be drugs, murder, even not paying speeding tickets. To help them go back into society after being in prison for a long time, they need rehabilitation. They need to learn how to be reformed and fix their morals about good and bad. It can easy or even a challenge to help those that are locked away with many restrictions. â€Å"Too often, their unlawful are a reflection of a life plagued by social, economic and familial problems far beyond their control, (Fritz 1 of 3). They might make bad decisions based on their morals. You acquire your morals from those around you, how you re raised, the†¦show more content†¦Inmates first become eligible for federal education assistance in 1965 under Title IV of the Higher Education Act, (Prison Break 1 of 2). It can help with reducing relapse when back in the community. With all this, they also need a very positive environment. This way, T hey can earn their GEDs or just basic knowledge they need in the world they ll have to live in. Therapy is a key component in rehabilitation. Sitting with others while talking about your feelings and thoughts in a positive environment really helps some people. Scott Richeson states in his article Can Corrections Heal, The process is structured so that the individual does not need to lobby or debate in order to express his or her perspective, (28). This is essentially great for those trying to express their feelings. No one can judge out loud, so that keeps the inmates from fearing how they should be. It makes the inmates more trusting. This can also help their hostility and make their behavior outstanding. When their behavior is better, they ll get more freedom. The article Addressing Rehabilitation in Restrictive Housing: The Potsi Experience says, An offender may be allowed to: Listen to books on CD with a portable CD player for a set period of time, Keep a book or magazine in hi s cell, Work on a jigsaw puzzle, Have recreation time outside of his cell with another offender, Purchase a CD player if he has funds available, have access

Is the Loch Ness Monster a Marine Reptile

Ever since the Loch Ness Monster was discovered in 1933, one popular theory has been that this lake-dwelling creature is a plesiosaur--a type of marine reptile that was supposed to have gone extinct 65 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period. This is an easy claim for so-called cryptozoologitsto make, and a very difficult one to prove--and the weight of the evidence is that, if the Loch Ness Monster truly exists (and thats a very big if), the odds are extremely slim that it could be a plesiosaur. (See 10 Facts About the Loch Ness Monster) First Things First - Is the Loch Ness Monster Real? Before we get to the issue of what type of animal the Loch Ness Monster might be, we first have to explore the issue of whether or not the Loch Ness Monster really exists. The first sighting of this presumed lake dweller occurred in 1933 (perhaps, not so coincidentally, the year the movie King Kong was released) by a local Scottish journalist who related the experience of one of his neighbors: the nearest approach to a dragon or pre-historic animal that I have ever seen in my life, the man is quoted, further elaborating that it carried what looked like a newly killed animal in its mouth. Here, in a prehistoric nutshell, is pretty much every Loch Ness story down to the present day. Most Nessie sightings have been reported second-hand, in accounts along the lines of Youre asking me if  the Loch Ness Monster real? Well, my friends dentists sister was walking by the lake one day when she saw... In this respect, the Loch Ness Monster has a lot in common with other cryptic creatures like Bigfoot or Mokele-Mbembe: practically all the evidence for its existence is based on hearsay or rumor, with very little in the way of hard fact. Of course, it doesnt help that most (if not all) of the physical evidence attesting to the Loch Ness Monster has been faked. The most famous photograph of Nessie was published in 1934, and conclusively identified as a fraud over 40 years later. In a 1999 book, one of the participants in the hoax admitted that this convincing-looking monster was actually a toy submarine with a sculpted head glued to one end (which, naturally, hasnt deterred some true believers from insisting the photograph is real). Another, more recent photograph shows only a hump in the water, which could be anything from a dead turtle to a submerged Volkswagen. Could the Loch Ness Monster Be a Plesiosaur? If, despite all the evidence presented above, you persist in believing in the Loch Ness Monster, youd probably like to know what kind of animal it is. Very early on, the Nessie-as-plesiosaur theory was the leading contender, partly because of that faked 1934 snapshot, and partly because plesiosaurs (and other marine reptiles) were very familiar to the English and Scottish public; some of the first fossils of the breed were discovered along the English coast in the early 18th century, by Mary Anning, the woman who inspired the ditty she sells sea shells by the sea shore. However, there are a few major problems with identifying the Loch Ness Monster as a plesiosaur. Here are five of them, in no particular order: --Plesiosaurs were equipped with lungs, and needed to surface on a regular basis to breathe air. With all of the eyes trained on Loch Ness over the last 80 years, youd think this habit would have drawn some attention! --As ancient as it may look to the uninformed, Loch Ness is only about 10,000 years old, and was frozen solid for about 20,000 years before that. The last plesiosaurs went extinct 65 million years ago, along with the dinosaurs. --Plesiosaurs (and other marine reptiles) were cold-blooded animals that needed to swim in temperate waters. The average temperature in Loch Ness is about 40 degrees Fahrenheit; its not exactly a Caribbean paradise! --Based on its description, Nessie would be a mid-sized plesiosaur, weighing one or two tons. There simply wouldnt be enough food in the tiny Loch Ness ecosystem to support the needs of such an enormous beast. --Theres absolutely no evidence that plesiosaurs held their necks out of the water, the way Nessie is depicted in that fake photograph. That may be the appropriate posture for a swan, but not for a fierce marine reptile that feasted on fish and squids! If the Loch Ness Monster Isnt a Marine Reptile, What Is it? If we weigh all the available evidence about the Loch Ness Monster, the most logical conclusion is that it simply doesnt exist (of course, tourists bring in a lot of money, so its in the interest of Scottish locals to perpetuate the myth). And even if you insist that the Loch Ness Monster is real, you cant reasonably make the case that its a plesiosaur. What are the other options? Well, Nessie (at least when it was first sighted) could have been a seal, or it could have been an amphibian, or it could even have been an elephant that wandered away from a nearby circus. But no, sad to say, it was not a living, breathing relative of Elasmosaurus.

French Expressions Using Champ

The French word un champ literally means field and is also used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to say sphere of activity, battlefield, having room to move, and more with this list of expressions with champ. Possible Meanings of Un Champ field (all senses)area, domainshot, frame (filming)champagne (apocope) Expressions with Un Champ un champ closcombat areaun champ dactionsphere of activityun champ dactività ©sphere of activityun champ daviationairfieldun champ davoinefield of oatsun champ de bataillebattlefieldun champ de blà ©field of corn/wheatun champ de coursesracecourseun champ de foirefairgroundun champ de manoeuvreparade groundun champ de minesminefieldun champ de neigesnowfieldun champ de tirshooting range, field of fireun champ de trà ¨flefield of cloverun champ de visionvisual fieldun champ dhonneurfield of honorun champ à ©lectriqueelectric fieldun champ magnà ©tiquemagnetic fieldun champ opà ©ratoireoperative fieldun champ optiqueoptical fieldun champ ouvertopen fieldun champ visuelvisual fieldles champscountry(side)les Champs Élysà ©esElysian Fields (mythology), street in Parisà   tout bout de champall the time, at every opportunitydans le champin the shot/picture (filming)en champ closbehind closed doorsen robe des champsunpeeled (potatoes)une fleur des champswild flowerhors champoff-c amerala profondeur de champsdepth of fieldsur-le-champimmediately, right awayla vie aux champscountry lifeavoir du champto have room to moveavoir le champ libreto be free to do as one pleasesLe champ est libre.The coast is clear.à ©largir le champto broaden the scopelaisser du champ à   quelquunto leave someone room to movelaisser le champ libre à   quelquunto leave someone a clear fieldmourir au champ dhonneurto be killed in actionpasser à   travers champsto go through/across fields/countryprendre du champsto step/stand backprendre la clà © des champsto run awayse retrouver en plein(s) champ(s)to find oneself in the middle of a fieldsonner aux champsto sound the general salute (military)sortir du champto go out of shot (filming)tomber au champ dhonneurto be killed in actiontravailler aux champsto work in the fields

The Federal Government - 1620 Words

The checks and balances system provides equal rights and power to various different levels of governments. With that, this ultimately â€Å"balances† out all the rights and justices for each of the branches to prevent any dictatorship. The Federal Government consists of three branches; the Executive (President), the Legislative (Congress), and the Judicial (Supreme Court) branch. The Executive has the power to assign new judges that are later checked by the Senate (Congress). The Executive can veto any laws the Legislative creates. However, if 2/3 of the majority disagrees with the President’s denial, the Legislative branch is capable of overriding it. The Legislative checks and clarifies every treaty and fund the Executive proposes. The†¦show more content†¦President Obama appoints Jennifer May- Parker as the federal judge of the Eastern District of North Carolina. Though Parker has all the requirements and qualifications of being an arbiter, the Senate Judici ary Committee nullifies the request. This nullification is due to accepting an over amount of judges and the state’s senate wishes for the next Republican president to appoint new positions. The senator of the state’s Congress, Richard Burr, also displays a crucial Senate tradition, called the Blue Slip, which prevents the nominees from entering the Senate Judiciary Committee. â€Å"That tradition, known as the blue slip, gives senators the ability to block any judicial nomination in their state, no explanation necessary, before it even reaches the stage of a committee hearing—,†(The Editorial Board). Vermont’s Democrat and chairman of the committee, Senator Patrick Leahy, strongly follows the blue slip tradition, thus resulting in objecting Obama’s request. In order to sustain some order, only a couple of judges from their own state are elected by the administration. Unfortunately, there are still many courts that are not filled with judici al positions, including places like North Carolina. The State Republicans of the Senate decline the Federal’s Executive’s delegates, which represents a conflict within the checks and balances system. It is authentic and constitutional that the Legislative has the right

Comprehensive School Counseling Project A Proposal Free Essays

Educational reform is shaped by the commitment to provide optimum learning environments that will guarantee academic success for all students. A shift in the counseling program is introduced by the comprehensive school counseling model recognizing the significant roles counselors can play in maximizing potentials and achievement in every child. According to the American School Counseling Association (ASCA 1997), school counselors must aid schools to â€Å"focus on academic achievement, prevention and intervention activities, advocacy and social/ emotional, and career development† (Dahir, Hardy, Ford Morrissey, 2005). We will write a custom essay sample on Comprehensive School Counseling Project: A Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now The model provides â€Å"content, process and accountability methods† (Dahir et al. , 2005) that will help school counselors design programs to address the needs of the student population based on the information or data gathered. As expressed by Bilzing (1997), â€Å"random acts of guidance are no longer acceptable in 21st century schools† (as cited in Dahir et al. , 2005, p. 3). The major departure from the traditional approach in school counseling is the use of research as the basis for the design of a counseling program. From a service driven model, transformed counseling programs operate on a data-driven and standards-based model. In addition to counseling, consultation and coordination roles, counselors participate in advocacy, collaborative and team work, data-driven and results-oriented initiatives, and technology-based programs. Counselors work closely with other teaching and school staff to ensure that â€Å"every student benefits directly from the school counseling program† (Dahir et al. , 2005). Adopting a comprehensive counseling approach in school increases its propensity to address challenges of students and equip them with skills to face the changing demands of society. The research-based approach allows its continuous evolution based on data gathered so academic and psychosocial programs are created to address specific areas. The comprehensive counseling model has been found to increase student attendance and completion rates while decreasing suspension rates. Violence prevention interventions have also been established as a product of the approach. It is able to â€Å"address the needs of students in low performing schools and schools in crisis by using research based techniques to overcome the barriers such students face† (Dahir et al. 2005). Comprehensive counseling programs in school are able to deal with the specific factors that are affecting student achievement. â€Å"Professional development is an important supporting activity in the implementation of comprehensive developmental school counseling programs† (Dahir et al. , 2005). The involvement of other members in the school becomes beneficial to their personal and professiona l enhancement. Furthermore, the program has also been extended to involve parents. The information gathered from research â€Å"show the strengths and weaknesses of children, how the school counselor is meeting the student’s needs, what areas the student needs to focus on to succeed, and incorporate the home support in all domains of the program† (Dahir et al. , 2005). It is gradually becoming a positive agent for improvements in the environment that surrounds the student — home, school and community. Review of Literature There is a general agreement that most of the nation’s problem is best addressed through prevention and proactive intervention. Thompson (2002) highlights the fact that â€Å"educational, political, and economic trends, as well as the critical needs of today’s youth, are redefining the role and function of the professional school counselor†. Furthermore, in a society where diversity is becoming a rule rather than an exception, â€Å"school counselors have come to represent a reservoir of stability and congruency of information† (Thompson, 2002). This can only be achieved through research-based approach to program design and following a developmental model of program implementation. It is the comprehensive counseling program which follows an inclusive model, being able to cater to all students within varying developmental needs. What is the best intervention that will work? This is perhaps one, if not the most, daunting question of school counselors. Until recently, psychological and counseling models were the primary sources of information. The advent of evidenced-based school counseling however, is providing a brighter direction for school counselors as well as decreasing the margin of error for the choice of intervention. Sexton, Schofield, and Whitson (1997) have argued that â€Å"the use of existing outcome research to guide both training and practice can help ensure that professional activities reflect best practices and are consistent with each other† (qtd. in Dimmitt, Carey, Hatch, 2007, p. 3). The comprehensive school counseling model therefore, by adopting an evidenced-base approach, increases the integrity and validity of the program implemented. Further support for the crucial role of the counselor and the benefits of using empirical data in program design is provided in the literature review conducted by White and Kelly (2010). They focused on how the comprehensive counseling program can address the problem of school dropout. The approach is able to impact both risk-reduction and protective factors of potential dropouts. â€Å"The role that school counselors can play in helping to prevent school dropout is substantial and could ultimately enhance not only student outcomes, but also the trajectory of the profession of school counseling† (White Kelly, 2010). Evidence has shown that absenteeism and tardiness, unless properly addressed, will lead to increased student difficulty and drop-outs. Counselors are challenged to proactively seek ways to provide early interventions for prevention. Another accountability of the counselor was discussed in the study by Wachter, Villalba and Brunelli (2007). The article highlights the academic and personal-social needs of students with ethnic backgrounds, particularly Latino(a) children in southeastern U. S. The results show that there is â€Å"a wide array of academic and cultural factors impacting student learning and development, in addition to a diverse collection of school-based interventions† (Wachter et al. 2007). The participants were also concerned with the â€Å"understanding gap† that affects the communication and perceptions between the Latino homes and the schools, which among other factors, impedes their academic success. It is the counselor’s responsibility to help close this gap by learning about the students’ culture to better understand their needs and help them achieve their goals. The hi gh incident rate of bullying in schools is a major and grave issue that is consistently facing school counselors. Young, Hardy, Hamilton, Biernesser, and Niebergall (2009) describes how data was used to provide a comprehensive counseling program to address bullying and harassment incidents in school. â€Å"As a result, the school counselors began to routinely and systematically track and use data to transform their counseling services† (Young et al. , 2009). The program allowed them to measure outcomes and if significant differences were attained due to the program implementation. So far, the studies previously discussed emphasized the role of the counselor in improving the psycho-social well-being of students. Accountability, however, is encompassing and includes achievement scores in academic subjects. Luck and Webb (2009) compared the achievement outcomes of the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test of Grades 4-5 students who participated and did not take part in the counselor-led Student Success Skills Intervention. The results show that â€Å"students who participated in the intervention showed greater mean improvement in reading and math scores that students at the district or state level† (Luck Webb, 2009). The outcomes led to greater appreciation of collaborative work between counselor and the teaching staff. Within the context of comprehensive programs in school counseling, addressing the issue of sexualization among girls was discussed in an article by Choate and Curry (2009). The authors argue that being a sensitive and ethically-laden issue, the counselors’ professional orientation and skills â€Å"are uniquely suited to play a pivotal role in creating effective change in this area† (Choate Curry, 2009). There are many factors affecting sexuality of girls and the multiple services achieved through a comprehensive program makes it possible to deal with these factors in isolation and in their interaction. Clearly the comprehensive counseling model finds various applications and provides a holistic intervention for the students. But how prepared are those in the profession to adopt this approach in their practice? A study conducted by Dahir, Burnham and Stone (2009) revealed that â€Å"there are gaps in the school counselor’s ability to embrace and implement the new vision of comprehensive school counseling during the initial stages of implementation. This finding necessitates professional development to better equip school counselors, as well as other members of the school — teaching and support staff, and administrators — for successful collaboration. Program Descriptions and Recommendations Based on the arguments and empirical data presented in the previous sections, it is highly recommended that schools shift from a service-driven model to a data-informed comprehensive school counseling program. The diverse populations co-existing in the school will greatly be nefit from the approach. The programs will be tailored according to the background and needs of the students. The socio-economic backgrounds and family context are creating serious impact on the performance of the students. Existing literature has provided evidence that counselor-led interventions to improve academic success are yielding significant differences in the test scores of the students. â€Å"The foundation is the basis of a comprehensive school counseling program† (Dahir et al. , 2005). The proposed program is aimed at developing the psycho-social and academic skills of students to help them become self-directed learners who are prepared to meet the demands of a changing society. It hopes to mold the students in the three important domains, academic, personal/social and career. Specifically, it hopes to address the learning standards in Mathematics, Science and Technology, Language Arts and Career Development. These foundational schools are important at this initial stage of program implementation and while other standards are equally important, they will be further addressed after the initial phase. It will also allow for proper monitoring and evaluation of the program. The outcomes will be measured quantitatively through standardized tests. Qualitative data will also be gathered through interviews and examination of work outputs of students. The delivery process will entail individual student planning. Career planning is recommended for the program where students will sit through a workshop to identify their personal vision-mission. This will be the first step in building their career portfolio. Responsive services will also be in place for critical cases. While topics for group sessions may be provided based on the counselor’s assessment, individual counseling will also be initiated for students mostly in need such as those with history of bullying or broken families. The school counseling curriculum will be initiated with the coordination of school teachers to improve academic performance. School tools or study skills will be provided by the counselor to encourage students to maximize their potentials and introduce different pathways to success. Feedback, monitoring and evaluation of the counseling program will be achieved through an effective system support. The guidance counselor takes the lead in engaging administrators, parents, the community and other sectors of society in measuring the outcomes of the comprehensive counseling program. On a regular basis, the school counselor convenes different stakeholders to provide information on the programs initiated and the current results. Management is the key for smooth delivery of services. Proper planning will involve scheduling of services offered. School counselors must also provide monthly reports to be able to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Documentation therefore, is of utmost importance. â€Å"School counselors and administrators are challenged to demonstrate the effectiveness of their school counseling programs in measurable terms† (Dahir et al. 2005). Data will always be the primary source for the changes that are proposed and for further enhancements in the future. School counselors must take accountability for student achievement, in as much as teachers and principals do. Thus, the programs must be aligned with the objectives of the academic curriculum. Data must be analyzed and reflected upon to create the necessary changes in the program to ensure effectiveness. Appropriate measurement instruments will be adopted to be able to quantify the outcomes of the program. How to cite Comprehensive School Counseling Project: A Proposal, Papers

Australian Government Multicultural Policy-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Australian Government Multicultural Policy. Answer: Introduction Multiculturalism, ethnic diversity and cultural tolerance have always been the policy of the Australian government. Multiculturalism means tolerance towards every culture (Castles, Hugo Vasta, 2013). Post Second World War in the year 1973 Australia abolished the White Australia policy and incorporated migration on the expectation that migrants would shed their language and culture to become equal of the host population (Joseph, 2017). Australian government also segregated expanse to assist the migrants for their welfare and development (Ng Metz, 2015). The Australian Parliament stood by racial tolerance saying equal rights to all Australians irrespective of their race, origin, creed or color. The government had incorporated the term Multiculturalism in the same year that allowed migrants to form national association to promote their culture and heritage and for the survival of their language (Collins, 2013). Multicultural Policy of Australia Australia considers its multicultural diversification to be the national identity and a prominent landmark in Australian history and character. Multicultural diversification in Australia is in the favor of national interest of the country as well as culminating linguistic, cultural and religious diversity within the country (Keddie, 2014). Multicultural policy of Australia had given privilege to the people residing in Australia to share and practice their culture and tradition within the country (Joseph, 2017). Today, one among four Australian is born overseas which comprises of the nations total population of 22 million people. According to a report, 44 percent of the Australian population was born overseas or have parents who were (Ng Metz, 2015). It also states that around 4 million Australian people speak language different than English. Australias multicultural advisory council is endorsing multiculturalism within Australia (Ho, 2013). According to them embracing multiculturali sm will benefit and strengthen the community and will bring values and tradition in the society. It aims to formulate an environment that provides equitable service to the Australians. Australian character towards multi diverse community has given the country a competitive edge in the globalised environment (Ozdowski, 2013). Principles of Australian Multicultural Policy Principle 1: Australias diverse culture propagates its policy as everyone belongs. Australia recognizes and celebrates the diversity within the national legal framework. It aims at unity, harmony and maintaining democratic values (Keddie, 2014). The contrast of this principle is in the facts that, apart from being a diverse country with a wide range of people who belong form different ethnic background, the only language, which is taught in the schools and is encouraged by the government is English. Principle 2: Australian government has taken an oath to provide socially cohesive society, meaning everyone would be eligible to benefit from the resource and opportunity provided by the country (Modood, 2013). Citizen of Australian from diverse background is entitled to access to government service. It will make the Australian citizen understand their value in the country, so that they will participate wholeheartedly for the betterment of the society (Pietsch, 2013). In Australia is a growing issue within the country of the people who are immigrants and are looking for places to stay. A feeling o uncertainty and even aggression is observed towards certain kinds of immigrants is growing and becoming a common phenomenon. There is a contrast in the outlook of people regarding immigration policies. Australia have been perceived as tolerant society and its recent policies on compulsory custody for refuge seekers gives rise to a contradictory situation that mirrors a sense of lack of confidence that seems to be implanted in the people of Australia. Principle 3: Immigrants in Australia are skilled and can provide well for the labor-based industry. Economic renewal and prosperity brought by these immigrants in the community have opened the door of Australia to the world. The diversity of the nation has given Australia the competitive edge it needs in the global market (Ng Metz, 2015). There are several cases of illegal immigration and refugee issues, which are arising on a daily basis and there are hardly any policies to combat the situation or to elevate the situation of such immigration in the country. Principle 4: Australian government is willing to provide protection against social discrimination and is intolerant towards racism. Racism and social discrimination affect lives of people, both well being and health of the people (Pietsch, 2013). It also denies opportunity to access services and benefits provided by the government. Thus, Australian government stand against discrimination, racism, prejudice and intolerance have given them the edge in the global market (Ozdowski, 2013). Acceptance of Aborigines has been one of the greatest setbacks of Australias multiculturalism. Aborigines are of the view that their rights and position being singularly different. The government has not solved this problem regarding the acceptance of Aborigines yet. Responsibility and Right Australias multicultural society and democracy is built on the fundamental right and responsibility of people residing in Australia. Upholding democracy and law and respecting the liberties and rights of the nation is the key towards building a stronger nation (Modood, 2013). The rights enable the citizens of Australia to practice, celebrate and maintain their cultural tradition, language and heritage within law and free of any kind of discrimination (Ho, 2013). Future of Multicultural in Australia Australia as a nation will keep on evolving and will keep on diversifying its population. They will hold their ground of being multicultural to create equal opportunities for a stronger economy, prosperity and brighter future for Australia. Thus, it will bring the benefit of cultural and social diversity in the nation (Keddie, 2014). Initiatives Australian Multicultural Council (AMC) The government has established an independent body to advice and consults on policies regulated by government bodies on the topic of Multiculturalism (Ozdowski, 2013). AMC will have boarder reference in the Australia society, which are: It will act as an independent body in the multicultural country. It will formulate strong strategy regarding access and equity. It will research and advise the government on multicultural policy. It will conduct celebration on cultural diversification and organize activities on harmony day. AMC will keep on advising government on multicultural affaires. Government will appoint independent selection process for, free and fair selection. It will provide non-partisan and independent framework (Jakubowicz Ho, 2014). Anti Racism Australias strict policy on discrimination and racism is to develop, design and implement new strategy (Ozdowski, 2013). It will give effort on five key areas such as: Consultation and Research Public Awareness Education Youth Engagement Ongoing Evaluation It will help fragment other human rights programs and strength the bond between its citizens by formulating new strategies that will help builds on the resources available to them (Ho, 2013). Multicultural Sport Partnership Program Sports and recreational activities have always helped building communal and social cohesion (Baker Rowe, 2014). The Australian government has established Multicultural Youth Sports Partnership Program, which enables to create connection and help involve youth to form relationship with emerging communities and linguistically and culturally diverse background (Castles, Hugo Vasta, 2013). Cynic Aspect of the Situation Multiculturalism been incorporated in the Australian governance for more than 40 years now, but it is still remains as a matter of conflict among the common population of Australia (Castles, Hugo Vasta, 2013). However, multiculturalism has found resentment in the heart of the country since the Cronulla riot of 2005, where natives in the name of aggressive nationalism challenged multiculturalism (Collins, 2013). Though Australian society stands for multiculturalism, it never officially acknowledges the festivals or carnivals of other community (Metz et al. 2016). Similarly, the languages and cloths that are used by the diverse population of the country do not get any promotion form behalf of the Australian government (Pietsch, 2013). Some critics believe that the security of the nation will be at risk due to the promotion of multiculturalism, as it enclaves the society this will result into internal clash within the society (Joseph, 2017). The authenticity and the existence of their own culture will be at risk as well with the increase in immigration and refugees from outside the boarders (Blair, 2015). Due to this, there has been a subsequent fall of immigrants in the recent past. The host nation is quite expensive for the taste of immigrants, who find it hard to settle in Australia (Collins, 2013). Australias other policies restricts the resident of the nation to chaperon parents from another country and making them natives. Though there are strict policies against racism in Australia, the diverse subcultures of the region always find it difficult to co-exist with each other resulting in an outburst (Modood, 2013). Recently there have been several incidents regarding racial discrimination and unrest among the Australian population. For example, there has been an increased incident against the Islamic community (Ho, 2013). Conclusion Australia welcomes people from all caste, creed, color and race to participate in the wellbeing and development of the country. The government of Australia organizes a lot of programs and services to empower people coming from different cultural and ethnic background. Australia regulates strong policies to discourage discrimination and racism. Australias motto of collectivism has given them the edge of competency in the market of globalization. Australias favors of diver society have given them skilled labors that have helped the nation to have economical growth, prosperity in the community. It brings energy, enterprise and ingenuity in the society. Diverse culture and multilingual workforce have given Australia the competitive edge in the globalised world. It is also important to understand that the multiculturalism policy as incorporated by the Australian government without consulting and support of the public, is taking a toll now as people is now being repulsive about the entire thing. People believe that diversity in the nation is a deleterious effect of multiculturalism and adding to that is perpetuated growth, because waves of immigrants flocked into the nation. Reference list: Baker, S. A., Rowe, D. (2014). Mediating mega events and manufacturing multiculturalism: The cultural politics of the world game in Australia.Journal of Sociology,50(3), 299-314. Blair, K. (2015). Young adults attitudes towards multiculturalism in Australia: tensions between the multicultural state and the intercultural citizen.Journal of Intercultural Studies,36(4), 431-449. Castles, S., Hugo, G., Vasta, E. (2013). Rethinking migration and diversity in Australia: introduction.Journal of Intercultural Studies,34(2), 115-121. Collins, J. (2013). Multiculturalism and immigrant integration in Australia.Canadian Ethnic Studies,45(3), 133-149. Ho, C. (2013). From social justice to social cohesion: a history of Australian multicultural policy.'For those who've come across the seas': Australian multicultural theory, policy and practice. Jakubowicz, A., Ho, C. (Eds.). (2014).For those whove come across the seas...: Australian Multicultural Theory, Policy and Practice. Anthem Press. Joseph, R. (2017). Multiculturalism: a liberal perspective.Postfilosofie, (2), 29-49. Keddie, A. (2014). Australian multicultural policy: Social cohesion through a political conception of autonomy.Journal of sociology,50(4), 408-421. Metz, I., Ng, E. S., Cornelius, N., Hoobler, J. M., Nkomo, S. (2016). 5. A comparative review of multiculturalism in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States and South Africa.Research Handbook of International and Comparative Perspectives on Diversity Management, 131. Modood, T. (2013).Multiculturalism. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Ng, E. S., Metz, I. (2015). Multiculturalism as a strategy for national competitiveness: The case for Canada and Australia.Journal of Business Ethics,128(2), 253-266. Ozdowski, S. (2013). Australian multiculturalism. The roots of its success.Promoting changes in times of transition and crisis: Reflections on human rights education. Krakow: Ksiegarnia Akademicka. Retrieved from: https://? www.? akademicka.? pl. Pietsch, J. (2013). Immigration and refugees: punctuations in the Commonwealth policy agenda.Australian Journal of Public Administration,72(2), 143-155

History Of Baseball Essay Introduction Example For Students

History Of Baseball Essay Introduction There has been much speculation about the origin of baseball. In 1907 a special commission decided that the modern game was invented by Abner Doubleday, a West Point cadet, at Cooperstown, N.Y., in 1839. ne hundred years later the National Baseball Museum was opened at Cooperstown to honor Doubleday. Historians, however, disagree about the origin of baseball. Some say that baseball comes from bat-and-ball games of ancient times. It is a matter of record that in the 1700s English boys played a game they called base ball. Americans have played a kind of baseball since about 1800. At first the American game had different rules and different names in various parts of the countrytown ball, rounders, or one old cat. Youngsters today still play some of these simplified forms of the game. Baseball did not receive a standard set of rules until 1845, when Alexander Cartwright organized the Knickerbocker Baseball Club of New York City. The rules Cartwright set up for his nine-player team were widely adopted by other clubs and formed the basis of modern baseball. The game was played on adiamond infield with the bases 90 feet apart. The first team to score 21 runs was declared the winner. By 1858 the National Association of Base Ball Players was formed with 25 amateur teams. The Cincinnati Red Stockings began to pay players in 1869. In 1871 ten clubs formed the National Association of Professional Baseball Players. Five years later the present National League NL was organized, chiefly by William Hulbert and Albert Spalding. The American League AL, organized in 1900 under the direction of Ban Johnson, played its first season in 1901. In the first major league change in 50 years the Boston Braves NL moved to Milwaukee in 1953. After the 1953 season the St. Louis Browns AL became the Baltimore Orioles. The Philadelphia Athletics AL became the Kansas City Athletics in 1955. In 1958 the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants both NL moved to Los Angeles and San Francisco, respectively. The AL was expanded to ten teams in 1961, adding the Los Angeles Angels and the Washington Senators. The former Washington franchise had moved to Minneapolis-St. Paul as the Minnesota Twins. The NL expanded to ten teams in 1962 with the addition of the New York Mets and the Houston Colt 45s renamed the Astros in 1965. In 1966 the Milwaukee Braves moved to Atlanta, and the Los Angeles Angels moved to Anaheim as the California Angels. In 1968 the Kansas City Athletics moved to Oakland. Both leagues expanded to 12 teams in 1969. The NL added the San Diego Padres and the Montreal Exposthe first baseball team in Canada. The AL added the Kansas City Royals and the Seattle Pilots, which in 1970 moved to Milwaukee as the Brewers. In 1972 the Washington Senators moved to Arlington, Tex., to become the Texas Rangers. The AL expanded to 14 teams for the 1977 season with the Seattle Mariners and the Toronto Blue Jays. For  the 1993 season the NL added teams in Denver and Miamithe Colorado Rockies and the Florida Marlins. Two changes affected major league play. A number of stadiums replaced grass with artificial turf, which probably benefits hitters. In 1973 AL teams began using a designated hitter to bat for the pitcher, usually the teams weakest hitter. The historical 1972 player walkout for pension increases delayed opening day until mid-April. A strike that lasted for seven weeks in mid-1981 resulted from a player-management dispute over compensation for athletes who switch teams as free agents. There was a 22-day owners lockout in 1976, and a similar lockout in 1990 delayed spring training for 32 days. .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c , .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c .postImageUrl , .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c , .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c:hover , .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c:visited , .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c:active { border:0!important; } .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c:active , .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub7bfd5e3c6566c2f349fe0349744567c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Vehicle Pollution Sample EssayBaseball was shaken by its first major scandal when eight members of the Chicago White Sox were accused of accepting bribes to intentionally lose the 1919 World Series to Cincinnati. All eight, including the legendary Shoeless Joe Jackson, were later banned from the game for life. In 1989 another baseball idol, Pete Rose of the Cincinnati Reds, received a lifetime suspension for gambling See Rose, Pete. The next year George Steinbrenner, owner of the New York Yankees, was issued a lifetime banishment also for gambling. In the wake of the so-called Black Sox scandal a baseball commissioner was proposed to replace an ineffective three-man commission. Kenesaw M. Landis, a federal judge, exercised absolute authority over all phases of the game from 1920 until his death in 1944. The first African American to head a major professional sports league in the United States was Bill White, who became the NL president in 1989. The commissioner and both major leagues maintain their headquarters in New York City. See Softball